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 Please enable Javascript in your browser and reload this page. |  |  |    Cosmos Architecture By Khaled M.Kh.S Alnobani (Jordan)www.Author-me.com Middle East editor
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critiques Cosmos ArchitectureKhaled M.Kh.S Alnobani, M.Sc. Chemical Engineering
 Author-me., Middle East Editor
 E-mail:  khaled.envio@gmail.com
 Abstract: At this point in time  we, humans, have attained two symmetry axes. They are, due to repeatability  myths, one over time, and the other due to human-screen interactions which make  symmetry over personality. We need an engine  which makes the surrounding’s  capabilities available and at our disposal. We ended as a part of a mechanical existence,  even our choices are taken according to a "game theory". It is a  convergence-divergence point, either we choose  to continue as humans or turn up as biological machines. Although we have not  yet completed our first step, the engine, we claim reaching the theory  of everything as. A new definition of energy is given and a new philosophy is  presented. Herein is not a new formulation; it is a new understanding.  Referring to the Islamic ontology of knowledge our current knowledge has an  outside boundary we cannot overcome. This is out of scope however what is the  end of programming, control and logic? Writing rituals.
 Keywords: Energy, Time, Mass  Nomenclature
 
  
    | c  | speed of light | 
 | kinetic energy  |  
    | 
 | mass operator | mo  | initial mass  |  
    | m  | mass | qi | general coordinate system |  
    | Ψ | wave function  |   |   |  
  Introduction  Energy  was known to be introduced to science by Galileo Galileo (1564-1642). In 1760  Joseph Plank laid the foundation of  quantitative heat transfer and demonstrated the concepts of latent heat of fusion and evaporation. In 1798 Count  Rumford ended the "Caloric theory" which prevailed for 50  years with a new concept of heat as motion. In the 1840s, Joule and Mayer set  forth the idea that heat transfer and mechanical work were simply different  forms of the same quantity. In 1848 Kelvin suggested an absolute temperature  scale and used the terms "Thermodynamic" and "Mechanical  energy". In 1850 Clausius constructed the first law of thermodynamics and he used the term  "Entropy" for the first time. In 1859 Ranki n wrote the first thermodynamics  textbook. In (1803-1889) Ericson invented the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Gibbs (1839-1903) received the first engineering  doctoral degree in the United States; in 1878 he first introduced the  phase rule, the basis for the field of physical chemistry.
 All the efforts  were a pack of hunting hounds questing after an elusive quarry [4] .
 
 
  3. Discussion:When we talk about the architecture of the cosmos  we must keep one thing in mind; this thing is completely mathematical and it defines  the relation between us and the surroundings. It is the equal sign. The equal  sign is an operator like any other operator but more it operates on both sides  at the same time. It is more important because it tells where we are. With the  perspective of this paper it is not a routine to rearrange an equation. The  equation:
 
  has an ontological  existence but not where x is not defined with a real number. It seems so simple  but imagine that  is wanted in a trade  deal, can we add something to one and sell it for  nothing. The economical reasons that made the calculus  readable are working here to tell that until now the equality operator is not  used properly. 
 Energy as we know is a concern of whatever in  motion. Heat is motion. We think we know contact forces and zero sum work fields. The none settable dispute is  over forces on distances or space.  Both statements of the second law of thermodynamics state that the reverse of  Carnot cycle cannot occur naturally,  which means that any cyclic operation based on Carnot cycle which has a  forward chronological order cannot have a backward natural process.
 
 The general equation for energy and  Schrödinger equation are only imaginations and  have no ontological existence more than probability numbers.
 As this is a complex equation  the projection of it on the real axes is the way to reach physical phenomena’s calculations.  Because of this equation we cannot think of energy as an identity separated from matter. According to the  uncertainties in the results and the wide diversity of how to approach  the subject a new concept is proposed: Energy is an equilibrium between two different phases of time, the phase of time in space outside  what we call matter and the crystallized phase of time in matter space which is the matter itself. The  concept of motion for energy is replaced by time-space interactions.
 
 Motion enhances the exchange between the mass and  its surrounding time in space; relativistic mechanics gives rise to special forms of this exchange, annihilation and  creation. During the motion of a mass  it decreases as a result of this dissolution. Matter of time concentration in  Fock space is responsible for the collision phenomena in physics.
 
 Mathematical operators are instructions that a  mathematical operation is to be performed; momentum and energy are  examples of mathematical operators. The Hamiltonian operator in Schrödinger equation represents the total energy  of the system; in differential form energy does not change unless the probability function of the distribution of mass  has changed with time. The quantity  called mass enters the equations through its coefficients and not the function  which the operators’  instructions perform their operations on. Time with this respect must be  distinguished from chronological  order axes; any thing could happen to the earlier but the later is an invariant  sequential property; time could go  backward with respect to a certain process but for the rest of the  universe even the backward process is proceeding forward.
 
 The time current surrounding us is composed of  relative time spans between solid concentrations of time; what we call matter  is composed of a unique certain spans of time each characterized by its  own period. The electron is a string of concentrated time surrounding the  nucleus; each slice with a different span.  Energy is a change of time spans within space irrespective of what has caused them. Mass concentration vanishes when the  span of the concentrated phase (matter) intersects with the span of the  time within the surrounding time current; it means that matter is actually distributed in space to infinity distance  and chains of time joins and restricts all objects. As the moving objects retain their mass when decreasing their velocity then the equilibrium   exchange of time during motion is reversible and because this phenomenon occurs at different places this means that time is homogeneous and memorizes the mechanics of objects within it.
 
  Mass during motion is a dynamic value and as such  an operator associated with it. There is a definite relation between annihilation and creation  operators; one is the adj oint of the other. As we are concerned with real mass axis  this means that with respect to mass operator annihilation is the transpose of  creation. With this respect mass operator is a Hermitian operator. When  changing the phase of time between solid material and overall relative surrounding time current  the related identities disintegrates. The  given relation for mass operator in relativistic mechanics:
  (1) 
 Where the annihilation is given by:
  
 The kinetic energy operator  is given in terms of the annihilation by:
 
  (2) When two quantities are related through the  uncertainty principle then upon this thesis, there could be an exchange between them.
 The timeless space surroundings of the universe  could be visualized as a plane without line, or, a volume without line and  area; it is the same point extended in existence. A relation between kinetic energy and mass could be concluded from  equations (1) and (2).
 
  (3) This formulation states that our creation began  with infinite mass and our un-bounded kinetic energy annihilated it to the observed mass. We can go back and recover  more mass by the mere decrease of our kinetic energy. The strange thing is that  we noticed this behavior of mass in the universe as dark matter before observing it in the laboratory.
 
 As time and energy does not commute then plank’s constant with units of time multiplied by  energy is not as what it looks like; the relation between the tow quantities is  not primary or straight forward. The  analysis is not restricted to a system in Hilbert space. As time and energy does not commute, the presence  of Plank’s constant imposes different perspectives of time, first as a processes evolution axes which does not  commute with energy and second, as a span value, which commutes with energy depending on the usage of Plank constant.  Time as a period with a span does  commute with energy, which means that the value of time which interconverts to matter (or equivalently energy) is not a span of time but a process time evolution. Is there a time-space process? Is stretching or squeezing complete vacuum space system has some kind of effect on the system surroundings? Could these processes be found inside the boundaries of our universe? Have we ever been concerned with the “Nothingness?” Had we ever thought of utilizing it? We must remember vacuum space is always a thing. In chemical reactions energy is produced as a result of the redistribution of electron’s masses; they are mass-space interactions; time pass whenever the change is proceeding. If processes cease to exist in this universe time will stop passing. Time is a criterion of changes. Energy has yet four distinctive representations: internal energy, non-flow availability or Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and flow availability or Helmholtz energy. With the help of mere observations, energy as we know could be born within three kinds of fields: electrical, magnetic and gravitational; It is known that time stretches within the last field.
 
  In chemical reactions energy is produced as a  result of the redistribution of electron’s masses;  they are mass-space interactions; time pass whenever the change is  proceeding. If processes cease to exist in this universe time will stop  passing. Time is a criterion of changes.
 Energy  has yet four distinctive representations: internal energy, non-flow  availability or Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and  flow availability or Helmholtz energy. With the help of mere observations, energy as we know could be born within three kinds  of fields: electrical, magnetic and gravitational; It is known that time  stretches within the last field.
 
 The approaches for thermodynamics differ about the  point of view from which one is looking to his system. The molecular-microscopic level is different from the  macro-system level. Until now, there  is but one way of getting information; beginning with experiments and ending  with unknowns. Thermodynamics in its  essence is an applied mathematical science and it retains the qualities of mathematical science illusionary  nature. It has a few empirical none proved laws which are totally  dependent on observations and experimentation; the rest are mathematics of equations and formulas. Obtaining energy from our  surroundings depends on finding or artificially  making a non-equilibrium state which takes a path back to equilibrium by losing  energy. The three signs of energy  wealth in a system are: motion, temperature difference and/or radiation.
 
 Dark energy which is relatively a new concept has  a nature and properties which still a complete mystery (because the  whole concept is hypothetical) but the effect is sure. Dark energy does not dilute with the expansion of the universe. The  total energy of the universe is neither conserved nor lost- it is  just indefinable; this is what Tamara M. Davis’s work rises. It rises an  inquisitive questioning but  dares not to answer. Dark energy term appeared because the universe is expanding with acceleration which needs a continuous supply of energy what they  called “Dark”.
 
 Now  there are three steps taken by energy to reach us, energy content (internal or  enthalpy), availability (flow or non-flow),  efficiency of our invented engines, and practicality (our materials and  processes limitations). Until now we have not passed the engine point, our  first obstacle, and we want to reach the end of the tunnel without passing  every brick of it.
 
 If we imagine that the way is something we know or  can know without being well behaved then we are totally wrong. Our driving  force for more knowledge being making wars is totally unethical. This ethicality is transformed out of us  to meet our first rejecter, energy. Clean energy is anything which gives without taking; as we have  never done that, the surroundings are rude enough to treat us diplomatically. The system should be unstable with  respect to our dead state in order to  extract energy out of it; dams, wend mills, burners, turbines, nuclear  reactors, solar energy collectors and  engines are all unclean if we found sometime that it requires us to compromise our living for  theirs’.
 
 Once nuclear energy reached our disposal we  thought we had reached a source with no limits; we trusted materials more than good behavior. At  Chernobyl, the operators were experimenting over their working engine; they looked to the process as managing a tool, not  driving a car, when changing direction a different destination.
 
  When we will reach a conclusion saying "Do not trust  instruments"? The answer is that when we put  some logic in those instruments and discover that another player (The  artificial intelligence) is in the  environment and part of the rules of the game theory? If we reached that point,  we have crystallized a God - isn't this what we are working for? Warring  for a flag (a piece of texture) and a text which we take years to understand or  agree on a suitable understanding of it.Webster’s dictionary meaning  of “Postulate” is: a hypothesis advanced as an essential presupposition,  condition, or premise of a train of reasoning; other meaning is axiom. Its  relation to its founder is "it is his  assumption." Where are our certainties about laws of nature in our postulated thermodynamics science? We are taking  out of it more than it puts in; this is a mere disbelief in it.
 
 As our  universe does not realize that Mr. Man has utilized some of the energy  (created) by the engine, we are  continuously pumping energy to the dead state of our boundary closed universe  as mechanical work. Because of all of  this, until now we could not find the origin of the black energy; that is solely because it is a kind of  transformation within the same form of work energy; it springs under our seats. What we call an  engine is actually creating energy that has never been found or was intended to be found in our universe.  The overall process is a typical perpetual-motion machine of the second kind, which states: "A heat engine  which produces no other effects than  the extraction of heat from a single source and the production of an equivalent  amount of work." One might argue that the dark energy is so huge  for such a limited source; this is not the case if we are resonating.
 
 As there is an a flow streamline inside the  universe within an expansion movement and this expansion is symmetrical  then the boundary of our universe is a free surface.
 
 “What is  out there?” Thinking of a metaphysical existence is totally not scientific. The  existence of time and space without matter is a requirement for the  discontinuity at the boundary or the existence  of a boundary; this means that outside the boundary of the universe there is no  time; time is the basic constituent of matter and changes.
 
 A timeless-space (space without time) is given by:
 
 
  (11) Where Ψ is not normalized in  this equation and it is not a function of time. This is at the time-free surface  boundary of the universe. It must be emphasized that the mass operator and the  kinetic energy operator have a similar shape.
 The need of existence of counterwork at the boundary is a  requirement for the limited expansion of the  universe; if it is not present the universe will have a solid boundary or  infinite one with no expansion.  Outside our universe is a potential field building a growing force against our expansion.
 Energy inside the universe is  motion and there is a significant reasoning to conclude that in time-space, energy is time-space interactions; energy  is produced by the mere passing of time and changing of place. Our universe does not recognize inside it a "Dead  state." Surely Mr. (Man) has extracted heat and transformed it  totally into work using his engine. The car work produced from the combustion of fuel does not simply  disappear after we drive to our destination; it completes the cycle of entropy. Exergy is our most miss understood  concept; it means producing heat.
 
  The  concept (availability) is the second step that completes the conversion of the  extracted heat into work. The whole process is creating energy; we call  "Dark." The condensation front of the wave of this created energy at the frontiers of the universe is  accelerating our expansion. The universe  is getting old very rapidly and we are living an extended periods but without  perceiving them.
 On the scientific conceptual level there are  fundamental errors in understanding processes. Regulating Insulin in the blood and Dopamine in the brain is a total  fundamental mistake. The reason is  that these chemicals are prevented to enter the human body system at any  condition. If regulating them is an option for our health then there  should be no barriers for their entrance from the  environment. Depending totally on biochemistry and forcing their regulation is  putting things in their wrong place and abuse of using our tools.
 
 1. Conclusion:
 
 Our  problems began when someone said: "We see a thing because it reflects  light"; this was the first perception  solved paradox. The phase of civilization which solved this paradox was changed  and another phase completed the train of reasoning but with different  values (ways of interacting with the  surroundings). The train of reasoning used for discovering the laws of nature  was different from that used to  initiate their knowledge. The west apparently has lost its last logical reasoning foundation (Argument form logic-based)  with accepting string theory, so a unified logical reasoning approach  was adopted in this work to overcome what has been abandoned.
 
 One  argument might rise: why our matter (as it is some kind of time) not dissolves  in the huge current of time surrounding it or in the timeless existence outside  the boundaries of the universe; we will  vanish and disappear. This paradox might deem the proposal of this thesis not  logical. On the contrary, this  paradox exists and we should live with rather than solving it. The only  solution is the presence of outside will that keeps our existence on.
 
 The ideas about time and cosmos outside surrounding  included in this paper forces certain cosmos  architecture. Some time in the future and due to the illusionary nature of  mathematics we would find many convincing formulations, like or more convincing  than string theory. The main finding of this article is the end of  conservation laws as we know them. The possible solutions for the mass Hermitian may lead to a concentric multi-verse; this will answer the question “Where the rest of the given infinite  created mass went for.” This will answer the questions about our cosmos architecture and why it is stable  within the timeless-space surrounding it. However the dilemma of travelling is  solved, within the scope of this article, who wants to travel can switch to a  sub-universe and return in another location, it is as simple as that. It is  always possible to return after a few hundreds or thousands of years but not  one step back.
 The  more powerful we are the less controlling we will be.
 
 References:
 
    Bernard G. Harvey, Introduction to nuclear physics and chemistry, Prentice- Hall  Inc., 2nd edition, 1969.Norman Davidson, Statistical Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, 1962.John W. Negele, Henri Orland, Quantum Many-Particle Systems, Addison  Wesley, 1987.John R. Howell, Richard O. B uckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Mc-Graw-Hill Inc, 2nd edition, 1992.Tamara M . Davis, Is the Universe Leaking?, Scientific American, 27 -21, July ,2010.Kays,  W.M., Convective heat and mass transfer,  1966.Incropera,  F.P. and Dewitt, D.P., Introduction to  Heat Transfer, 1985.R.C.  Sachdeva, Fundamentals of Engineering Heat  and Mass Transfer, 2nd edition , New age international  publishing, 2004.M.M. Rathore, Comprehensive engineering heat transfer,  Laxim Publications, New Delhi, 2000.V. Lsachenko, V. Osipova, A. Sukomel , Heat Transfer, M I R Publishers, Moscow  ,1969.Hendrick C.  Van Ness, Michael M. Abbot , Classical  thermodynamics of noneelectrolyte solutions with applications to phase  equilibria , McFraw- Hill,1982.B.S.Massey, Mechanics  of fluids, Chapman and Hall, 1989.Kenneth Wark, JR , Advanced thermodynamics for engineers, McGrow-Hill, JR.  ,1995.Roy  Mcweeny, Coulsons Valence,  ELBS, 3rd editioin, 1979.C.  Stephen Layman, The power of logic,  Mayfeild, 2000.Michel Modell , Robert C. Reid, Thermodynamics and its applications,  Prentice-Hall Inc., 1983.V. V. Susshkov, Technical Thermodynamics, MI R publishers, Moscow, 1968.R. Bronson, “Matrix Methods an  introduction”, Academic press, 1970. W  ikipedia, Internet. |